The gene for long hair is recessive in cats. This means that there must be one copy passed to the kitten from each parent. The mutation that created long-haired cats occurred centuries ago in Central Asia, probably as a survival mechanism to protect the cats from the cold climate. They were brought to Europe in the 1500's and were initially referred to as "Persians".
Another variation of the long-haired cat occurred in America, known as the "Maine Coon". It isn't clear whether it was an independent mutation that occurred in America or whether the recessive gene came from European cats that were brought to America.
Many of the long-haired cats with northern origins have sturdy bodies, broad faces and calm, friendly attitudes. They prefer lounging on their owner's laps while being stroked to scampering about and playing.
While most short-hairs can handle their own grooming, the Domestic Long-Hair needs help with regular grooming. Some of the longer, thicker coats may need brushing and combing more than once a day to prevent mats from forming.
